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  • Critical SAP Vulnerability & How to Protect Your Enterprise

    Critical SAP Vulnerability & How to Protect Your Enterprise


    Executive Summary

    CVE-2025-31324 is a critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability affecting the SAP NetWeaver Development Server, one of the core components used in enterprise environments for application development and integration. The vulnerability stems from improper validation of uploaded model files via the exposed metadatauploader endpoint. By exploiting this weakness, attackers can upload malicious files—typically crafted as application/octet-stream ZIP/JAR payloads—that the server mistakenly processes as trusted content.

    The risk is significant because SAP systems form the backbone of global business operations, handling finance, supply chain, human resources, and customer data. Successful exploitation enables adversaries to gain unauthenticated remote code execution, which can lead to:

    • Persistent foothold in enterprise networks
    • Theft of sensitive business data and intellectual property
    • Disruption of critical SAP-driven processes
    • Lateral movement toward other high-value assets within the organization

    Given the scale at which SAP is deployed across Fortune 500 companies and government institutions, CVE-2025-31324 poses a high-impact threat that defenders must address with urgency and precision.

    Vulnerability Overview

    • CVE ID: CVE-2025-31324
    • Type: Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload → Remote Code Execution (RCE)
    • CVSS Score: 8 (Critical) (based on vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)
    • Criticality: High – full compromise of SAP systems possible
    • Affected Products: SAP NetWeaver Application Server (Development Server module), versions prior to September 2025 patchset
    • Exploitation: Active since March 2025, widely weaponized after August 2025 exploit release
    • Business Impact: Persistent attacker access, data theft, lateral movement, and potential disruption of mission-critical ERP operations

    Threat Landscape & Exploitation

    Active exploitation began in March–April 2025, with attackers uploading web shells like helper.jsp, cache.jsp, or randomly-named .jsp files to SAP servers . On Linux systems, a stealthy backdoor named Auto-Color was deployed, enabling reverse shells, file manipulation, and evasive operation .

    In August 2025, the exploit script was publicly posted by “Scattered LAPSUS$ Hunters – ShinyHunters,” triggering a new wave of widespread automatic attacks . The script includes identifiable branding and taunts, a valuable signals for defenders.

    Technical Details

    Root Cause:
    The ‘metadatauploader’ endpoint fails to sanitize uploaded binary model files. It trusts client-supplied ‘Content-Type: application/octet-stream’ payloads and parses them as valid SAP model metadata.

    Trigger:

    Observed Payloads: Begin with PK (ZIP header), embedding .properties + compiled bytecode that triggers code execution when parsed.

    Impact: Arbitrary code execution within SAP NetWeaver server context, often leading to full system compromise.

    Exploitation in the Wild

    March–April 2025: First observed exploitation with JSP web shells.

    August 2025: Public exploit tool released by Scattered LAPSUS$ Hunters – ShinyHunters, fueling mass automated attacks.

    Reported Havoc: Over 1,200 exposed SAP NetWeaver Dev servers scanned on Shodan showed exploit attempts. Multiple confirmed intrusions across manufacturing, retail, and telecom sectors. Incidents of data exfiltration and reverse shell deployment confirmed in at least 8 large enterprises.

    Exploitation

    Attack Chain:
    1. Prepare Payload – Attacker builds a ZIP/JAR containing malicious model definitions or classes.
    2. Deliver Payload – Send crafted HTTP POST to /metadatauploader with application/octet-stream.
    3. Upload Accepted – Server writes/loads the malicious file without validation.
    4. Execution – Code is executed when the model is processed by NetWeaver.

    Indicators in PCAP:
    – POST /developmentserver/metadatauploader requests
    – Content-Type: application/octet-stream with PK-prefixed binary content

    Protection

    – Patch: Apply SAP September 2025 security updates immediately.
    – IPS/IDS Detection:
    • Match on POST requests to /metadatauploader containing CONTENTTYPE=MODEL.
    • Detect binary payloads beginning with PK in HTTP body.
    – EDR/XDR: Monitor SAP process spawning unexpected child processes (cmd.exe, powershell, etc).
    – Best Practice: Restrict development server exposure to trusted networks only.

    Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)

    Artifact Details
    1f72bd2643995fab4ecf7150b6367fa1b3fab17afd2abed30a98f075e4913087 Helper.jsp webshell
    794cb0a92f51e1387a6b316b8b5ff83d33a51ecf9bf7cc8e88a619ecb64f1dcf Cache.jsp webshell
    0a866f60537e9decc2d32cbdc7e4dcef9c5929b84f1b26b776d9c2a307c7e36e rrr141.jsp webshell
    4d4f6ea7ebdc0fbf237a7e385885d51434fd2e115d6ea62baa218073729f5249 rrxx1.jsp webshell

     

    Network:
    – URI: /developmentserver/metadatauploader?CONTENTTYPE=MODEL&CLIENT=1
    – Headers: Content-Type: application/octet-stream
    – Binary body beginning with PK

    Files:
    – Unexpected ZIP/JAR in SAP model directories
    – Modified .properties files in upload paths
    Processes:
    – SAP NetWeaver spawning system binaries

    MITRE ATT&CK Mapping

    – T1190 – Exploit Public-Facing Application
    – T1059 – Command Execution
    – T1105 – Ingress Tool Transfer
    – T1071.001 – Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols

    Patch Verification

    – Confirm SAP NetWeaver patched to September 2025 release.
    – Test with crafted metadatauploader request – patched servers reject binary payloads.

    Conclusion

    CVE-2025-31324 highlights the risks of insecure upload endpoints in enterprise middleware. A single unvalidated file upload can lead to complete SAP system compromise. Given SAP’s role in core business operations, this vulnerability should be treated as high-priority with immediate patching and network monitoring for exploit attempts.

    References

    – SAP Security Advisory (September 2025) – CVE-2025-31324
    – NVD – https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31324
    – MITRE ATT&CK Framework – https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190/

     

    Quick Heal Protection

    All Quick Heal customers are protected from this vulnerability by following signatures:

    • HTTP/CVE-2025-31324!VS.49935
    • HTTP/CVE-2025-31324!SP.49639

     

    Authors:
    Satyarth Prakash
    Vineet Sarote
    Adrip Mukherjee



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  • Critical Security Flaws in eMagicOne Store Manager for WooCommerce

    Critical Security Flaws in eMagicOne Store Manager for WooCommerce


     The eMagicOne Store Manager for WooCommerce plugin is in WordPress used to simplify and improve store management by providing functionality not found in the normal WooCommerce admin interface.

    Two serious flaws, CVE-2025-5058 and CVE-2025-4603, were found in the eMagicOne Store Manager for WooCommerce WordPress plugin.Possessing a critical CVSS score of more than 9. Only in certain situations, such as default configurations with a 1:1 password or if the attacker manages to gain legitimate credentials then attacker accomplish remote code execution.

    Affected Versions:

    • eMagicOne Store Manager for WooCommerce * <=2.5

    Vulnerability Details:

    1. CVE-2025-5058:

                 The plugin’s remote management protocol endpoint (?connector=bridge), which manages file uploads, is vulnerable. The setimage()’s improper file type validation is the source of the vulnerability. The session key system and default credentials (login=1, password=1) are used by the authentication mechanism.

    Session Key Acquisition:

    Sending a POST request to the bridge endpoint with the hash and a task (such as get_version) yields a session key.

    Fig.1 Session Key Acquisition

     

    Arbitrary file upload:

                An attacker can use the set_image task to upload a file with a valid session key, exploiting the parameters to write whatever file they want.

    Fig.2 File Upload

     Real-world Consequences:

                This flaw gives attackers the opportunity to upload any file to the server of the compromised site, which could result in remote code execution. When default credentials are left unaltered, unauthenticated attackers can exploit it, which makes the damage very serious. A successful exploitation could lead to a full server compromise, giving attackers access to private data, the ability to run malicious code, or more compromise.

    1. CVE-2025-4603:

                 The delete_file() function of the eMagicOne Store Manager for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress lacks sufficient file path validation, making it susceptible to arbitrary file deletion. This enables unauthorized attackers to remove any file from the server, which can easily result in remote code execution if the correct file (like wp-config.php) is removed. Unauthenticated attackers can take advantage of this in default installations.

    The remote management protocol endpoint (?connector=bridge) of the plugin, which manages file deletion activities, is the source of the vulnerability. The session key system and default credentials (login=1, password=1) are used by the authentication mechanism. The default authentication hash, md5(‘1’. ‘1’), is computed as follows: c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b. An attacker can use the delete_file task to remove arbitrary files from the WordPress root or any accessible directory after gaining a session key.

     

    Session Key Acquisition:

    Sending a POST request to the bridge endpoint with the hash and a task (such as get_version) yields a session key.

    Fig.3 Session Key Acquisition

     

    Arbitrary file deletion:

                An attacker can use the delete_file task to delete a file if they have a valid session key.

     

    Fig.4 File Delete

    Real-world Consequences:

                If this vulnerability is successfully exploited, important server files like wp-config.php may be deleted, potentially disrupting the website and allowing remote code execution. The availability and integrity of the WordPress installation are seriously threatened by the ability to remove arbitrary files.

     

    Countermeasures for both the CVE’s.

    • Immediately update their authentication credentials from the default values.
    • Update the plugin to the latest version than 1.2.5 is recommended once a patch is available.
    • Implement strict file upload validation for CVE-2025-5058.
    • Review and restrict server-side file upload permissions for CVE-2025-5058.

     

    Conclusion:

    CVE-2025-5058 and CVE-2025-4603 demonstrates how default configurations can become a vector for unintended data exposure. By leveraging improper file handling and lacks of sufficient file path validation an attacker can compromised site which result in remote code execution. Unauthenticated attackers can take advantage of default credentials if they are left unmodified, which can cause significant harm.

     

     

     

     

     



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